The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the folin. The antioxidative activity of a total of 92 phenolic extracts from edible and nonedible plant materials berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, cereals, tree materials, plant sprouts, and seeds was examined by autoxidation of methyl linoleate. A sustainable process of valorization of lignocellulosic biomass exploring the extraction and separation of high value phenolic compounds was developed. Therefore, phenolic compounds have, as a common characteristic, the presence of at least one aromatic ring hydroxylsubstituted. Feb 19, 20 phenolic compounds are synthesized in plants partly as a response to ecological and physiological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, uv radiation and wounding 15,16,17,18. First, in a general way, the antimicrobial capacity of phenolic compounds is wellknown 1822. Phenolic compounds are probably the most explored natural compounds due to their potential health bene ts as demonstrated in a number of studies del rio et al.
Another characteristic of these substances is that they are presented commonly bound to other molecules, frequently to sugars glycosyl residue and proteins. Phenolic compounds such as quercetin, rutin, narigin, catechin, caffeic acid, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid are very important plant constituents 15. The term phenolic acids, in general, designates phenols that possess one carboxylic acid functionality, moreover the reason for including phenolic acids in the family of plant polyphenols lies in the fact that they are. The natural phenolic compounds have received increasing interest in the last years, since a great amount of them can be found in plants and consumption of vegetables and beverages with a high level of such compounds may reduce the risk of development of several diseases due to their antioxidant power, among other factors. Phenolic compounds have been reported to provide oxidative stability to the bulk fish oil. Extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from. As previously described, individual phenolic compounds present in the olive leaves extracts were identified and quantified, but we choose to submit the entire extracts to antimicrobial activity studies for several reasons. May 15, 20 higher plants synthesize several thousand known different phenolic compounds. The plant phenolic compounds as in other cases of sms, branches of pathway leading to biosynthesis of phenols are found or amplified only in specific plant families commonly found conjugated to sugars and organic acids. Identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds.
Inhibition of maillard reaction pathways and offflavor. Many phenolic compounds were discovered and used long before chemists were able to determine their structures. Phenolics solutions designed for healthcare diversey. An abstract of the thesis of linda chalkerscott for the degree of doctor of philosophy in horticulture presented on july 6, 1988. The extractions were performed in triplicate for each sample. Odriozola, who have directly or indirectly contributed to this doctoral thesis for. Polyphenols in fruits and vegetables and its effect on human. The study of the antioxidant activity of phenolic components of. In vitro digestion models for dietary phenolic compounds. Hydroxycinnamic acids are a major class within the phenolic compounds 10, 11.
Compounds total polyphenol content the total phenolic content was estimated by folin ciocalteu method as described by singleton et al. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of crude extracts. Recently phenolic compounds have been demonstrated to suppress the development of maillard offflavor compounds and browning in foods, as well as to reduce the levels of maillardderived reactive carbonyl species rcs and related advanced glycation. In addition, it has been observed that the loss of bpe fluorescence in the presence of reactive species, which include peroxyl. Graduate thesis or dissertation phenolic compounds in. His research focuses on the genetic control of phenolic compounds that impact agroindustrial processing of crop plants. Phenolic compounds and plant phenolic extracts as natural. Stylized crosssection depicting cell wall layers of a hypothetical freeze resistant plant 29 iiil. Phenolic compounds are synthesized in plants partly as a response to ecological and physiological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, uv radiation and wounding 15,16,17,18. The flavonoids constitute one of the most important group, and they can be further.
Phenolic compounds confer unique taste, flavour, and healthpromoting properties found in vegetables and fruits8. The final step was the identification of the compounds by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry with time of fly analyzer and quadrupole time of fly hplcesims, were obtained 47 compounds for everglades leaf and 37 for tainung 2. Variation in phenolic content, profile, and antioxidant. Phenolic compounds are the most widely distributed secondary metabo lites, ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, even if the type of compound. Below the table each compound exposure source is further described. Among pure phenolic compounds, caffeic acid is one of the most widely investigated phenolic compounds for its role as antioxidant in different food systems, especially a bulk oil such as cod liver oil sanchez. Flavonoids are the largest group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, which occurs in different plant parts in free state and as glycosides 16. Phenol compounds are found in dental sealants, sunscreen, lotions, hand soap, and toothpaste. The two selected plants, rye and wheat, have the ability to speed up the removal of two selected phenolic compounds from soil after their addition. Dietary phenolic compounds and vitamin e bioavailability. Microwave extraction of phenolic compounds from caper and oleaster durmaz, ezgi m. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of several microalgae ankistrodesmus sp. Effects of phenolic compounds on swarming motility.
Phenols and phenolic compounds are widely distributed as environmental pollutants due to their common presence in the effluents of many industrial processes, including oil refineries, ceramic plants, coal conversion process, phenolic resins, pharmaceutical and food industries. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic. Lightfoot 2 1 department of food science, college of agriculture, university of albasrah, basrah 61004, iraq 2 department of plant, soil and agricultural systems, plant biotechnology and. Phenolic compound an overview sciencedirect topics. The effect of these phenolic compounds in the inhibition of swarming motility of p. Therefore this study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and quantitative estimation of ascorbic acid, free phenolic acids such as gallic acid, methyl gallate, caffeic acid. Evaluation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant and. Total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin content, and. Many phenolic products are used for the decontamination of environmental surfaces and some e. The basic structural feature of phenolic compounds is an aromatic ring bearing one or more hydroxyl groups figure 1. D identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds.
This research project examined how to treat raw oat material for oatbased food products in order to sustain or increase the levels of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of phenolic. An outline of the biosynthesis of some selected plant phenolic compounds 8 ii3. The plant phenolic compounds 8,000 phenolic structures known account for 40% of organic carbon circulating in the biosphere evolution of vascular plants. Oct 20, 2014 phenolic compounds have been reported to provide oxidative stability to the bulk fish oil. The phenolic resins may be considered to be the first polymeric products produced commercially from simple compounds of low molecular weight, i.
Many simple phenols are responsible for taste, for example eugenol in. Research commons at the university of waikato copyright. Phenolics can be broadly divided into nonsoluble compounds such as condensed tannins, lignins, and cellwall bound hydroxycinammic acids, and soluble phenolics such as phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids. Lattanzio and others published phenolic compounds find. Structures of some laastimulatory and inhibitory phenolic compounds 18 ii4. Kinetics of amylase inhibition by phenolic compounds indicated the presence of secondary binding sites in malted finger millet amylases similar to. Quantification and characterization of the phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are the most widely distributed secondary metabo lites, ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, even if the type of compound present varies according to the phylum under. An aliquot least amount 1 ml of extracts or standard solution of gallic acid 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. Nov 22, 2011 phenolic compounds, particularly tannins in the outer layers of the grain serve as a physical barrier to the fungal invasion.
Higher plants synthesize several thousand known different phenolic compounds. High solubility of phenols in polar solvents provides high concentration of these compounds in the extracts obtained using polar solvents for the extraction mohsen and a. The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion allium cepa, garlic allium sativum, mint mentha spicata, thyme thymus vulgaris, oak quercus, aloe vera aloe barbadensis miller, and ginger zingiber officinale. As many as 12000 alkaloids have been used as pharmaceuticals, stimulants, narcotics and poisons since the first alkaloid, morphine, was discovered 7. Phenolic compounds have at least one aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups, and may be classi fied as flavonoids and non.
Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds. The total phenolic contents in plant extracts of the species m. Dietary phenolic compounds and vitamin e bioavailability model studies in rats and humans. Topically applied these compounds are a skin irritant. The potential for wheat roots in phytoremediation of. Microwave extraction of phenolic compounds from caper and oleaster submitted by ezgi durmaz in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in food engineering department, middle east technical university by, prof. The antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds have been investigated at different concentrations to relate activity to structural effects fig. The phenolic compounds of honey have been known to pose significantly antioxidant activity, including ironbinding and free radical. View phenolic compounds research papers on academia. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from.
Quantitative hplc analysis of phenolic acids, flavonoids and ascorbic acid in four different solvent extracts of two wild edible leaves, sonchus arvensis and oenanthe linearis of northeastern region in india tapan seal plant chemistry department, botanical survey of india, india. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites found in cereals, coffee beans, fruits, olives, vegetables, and tea leaves. Pdf phenolic compounds are perhaps the most explored natural. The pathways through the plant of phenol an artificial compound and syringic acid a biological compound are different.
Pdf thesis document clok central lancashire online. Phenolic resins totalling 916 million pounds went into the adhesive and bonding markets in 1993 table 23, making the adhesive and bonding market the second largest outlet for phenolic resins. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular structure of phenolic compounds of manuka honey mainly responsible for each type of antioxidant activity ironbinding and free radical scavenging activity. Some phenolic compounds are sensitive to and may be inactivated by water hardness and, therefore, must be diluted with distilled or deionized water. The most important of these bioactive compounds are alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds 1. The focus was mainly on the avenanthramides, which are potentially health beneficial bioactive components found exclusively in oats. Nowadays the interest in these compounds has increased mainly due to their diverse chemical structure and wide biological activity valuable in the prevention of some chronic or degenerative diseases.
Serpil sahin july 2012, 166 pages the main objective of this study was to extract phenolic compounds from caper and oleaster by using microwave. Inhibitory concentration is the concentration of the sample required to scavenge 50%. Graduate thesis or dissertation phenolic compounds in bartlett pears and their relation to discoloration of the canned product public deposited. He is an expert on phenolic compounds involved in the plants defense against pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Topics covered include nomenclature, chemical properties, biosynthesis, including an uptodate overview of the genetics controlling phenolic metabolism, isolation and characterization of phenolic compounds, phenolics used in plant defense, and the impact of phenolics on human health. Phenolic compounds comprise a broad class of natural products formed mainly by plants, but also microorganisms and marine organisms that have the capacity to form them. Interaction of dietary phenolic compounds with monoamine. Despite the reported antioxidant properties of the phenolic compounds and the potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria as sources of these compounds, few studies have focused on their identification and quantification in microalgae 1820 and on the role played by phenolics in microalgae defense mechanisms against high ros levels 2123. Thesis, istanbul technical university, graduate school of science.
Phenolic resin is the resin synthesized from the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst. The basic structural feature of phenolic compounds is an aromatic ring bearing one or more hydroxyl groups figure 1 19. The inhibitory constant k i for the crude polyphenol extract was 66. Phenol, the cresols methylphenols, and other simple alkylated phenols can be obtained from the distillation of coal tar or crude petroleum nomenclature of phenols. A scaleup pretreatment and fractionation process of biomass assisted by 1ethyl3methylimidazolium acetate emimoac ionic liquid il was carried out at first.
Ralph nicholson is professor of botany and plant pathology at purdue university in west lafayette, in. A proposed enzymatic decrease in avenanthramide levels when non heattreated milled. The nine phenolic compounds and exposure sources examined by the bcerc epidemiology studies are listed in table 1. Relationships between endogenous phenolic compounds of rhododendron tissues and organs and cold hardiness development abstract approved. Phenolic compounds are synthesized in plants partly as a response to ecological and physiological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, uv radiation and wounding 1518. Graduate thesis or dissertation phenolic compounds in bartlett pears and their relation to. Quantification and characterization of the phenolic. Although many of the essential oils are terpenes, some are phenolic compounds, for example thymol from thymus spp. All extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4. The acidic methanol extracts from the seed coat showed high antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to whole flour extract due to high polyphenols content in seed coat viswanath et al.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic profiles of seeds from fifteen paeonia ostii cultivated populations in china and identify their relationship with antioxidant activities and associated environmental factors. The plant phenolic compounds phenolics can be classified into 2 groups. The human diet contains a vast number of dietary phenolic compounds of which vitamin e represents only one class. Phenolic compounds make up one of the major families of secondary metabolites in plants, and they represent a diverse group of compounds. Interaction of dietary phenolic compounds with monoamine oxidase enzymes in major depressive disorder. Flavonoids flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in human diets, accounting for over half of the eight thousand naturally occurring phenolic compounds found mainly in blackberries, black currant, blueberries, grape, strawberries, cherries. Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive l. The plant phenolic compounds thousands of phenolic structures known account for 40% of organic carbon circulating in the biosphere evolution of vascular plants. Masters theses, university of kentucky, lexington, ky, usa, 2011. With advances in phytochemical techniques, several active principles of many medicinal plants have been isolated and introduced as valuable drug in modern systems of medicine. Phenols constitute probably the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, varying in size from a simple structure with an aromatic ring to complex ones such as lignins. It is arguable that the adhesive and bonding market includes the composite wood and laminating applications because phenolic resin is the bonding material in these applications. The polyphenols can be divided, depending on their basic chemical structure into at least 10 different classes. The ability to synthesize phenolic compounds has been selected throughout the course of evolution in different plant lineages, thus permitting plants to cope with the constantly changing environmental challenges over evolutionary time.
Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of crude. A study on the stability of structurally different phenolic compounds in buffers in the ph range 311 revealed that caffeic, chlorogenic, and gallic acid were not stable to high ph. Keywords phenolic compounds, flavonoids, plant lignans, rye, flaxseed, in vitro digestion models, alimentary enzymes, faecal fermentation abstract the aim of this work was to develop in vitro digestion models for. Health benefits of finger millet eleusine coracana l. Phenolic acids and flavonoids function as reducing agents and free radical scavengers.
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